EMERGENCY MEDICINES

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**Resuscitation & Cardiovascular Drugs**

Adrenaline (Epinephrine) – used in cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis

Atropine – used for bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning

Amiodarone – used for ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation

Lidocaine – antiarrhythmic for ventricular arrhythmias

Adenosine – for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Dopamine – used in cardiogenic and septic shock

Dobutamine – inotropic agent for acute heart failure

Norepinephrine – first-line vasopressor in septic shock

Nitroglycerin – for acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary edema

Sodium nitroprusside – for hypertensive emergencies

Digoxin – rate control in atrial fibrillation and heart failure

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**Respiratory Emergency Drugs**

Salbutamol (Albuterol) – first-line for acute asthma/COPD

Ipratropium bromide – bronchodilator, adjunct in asthma/COPD

Hydrocortisone or Methylprednisolone – corticosteroids for severe asthma, anaphylaxis, shock

Magnesium sulfate – for severe asthma or refractory bronchospasm

Theophylline – bronchodilator, used rarely

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**Neurological Emergency Drugs**

Lorazepam or Diazepam – first-line for status epilepticus

Phenytoin or Fosphenytoin – second-line antiepileptics

Mannitol – osmotic diuretic for raised intracranial pressure

Hypertonic saline (3%) – alternative for raised intracranial pressure

Levetiracetam – newer antiepileptic used in emergencies

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**Endocrine & Metabolic Emergencies**

Regular Insulin – for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperkalemia

Dextrose 50% – for hypoglycemia

Hydrocortisone – for adrenal insufficiency/crisis

Calcium gluconate – for hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia

Sodium bicarbonate – used in metabolic acidosis and TCA overdose

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**Toxicology and Poisoning Antidotes**

Atropine – for organophosphate poisoning

Pralidoxime – cholinesterase reactivator in OP poisoning

N-acetylcysteine – antidote for paracetamol overdose

Activated charcoal – used in oral poisonings within 1 hour

Flumazenil – antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

Naloxone – antidote for opioid overdose

Sodium thiosulfate – antidote for cyanide poisoning

Ethanol or Fomepizole – antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning

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**Infectious Emergencies**

Ceftriaxone – empirical antibiotic for meningitis, sepsis

Meropenem – broad-spectrum for resistant infections

Vancomycin – for MRSA and resistant gram-positive infections

Metronidazole – anaerobic infections, brain abscess, tetanus

Antitetanus serum and Tetanus toxoid – for wound prophylaxis

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**Obstetric and Gynecological Emergencies**

Oxytocin – for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)

Methylergometrine – for uterine atony

Magnesium sulfate – for eclampsia

Misoprostol – uterotonic for PPH or incomplete abortion

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**Pediatric Emergencies**

Adrenaline – for pediatric anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest

Dextrose 10% – for neonatal hypoglycemia

Phenobarbital – anticonvulsant in neonates

Ampicillin and Gentamicin – for neonatal sepsis

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