med

 Concise MBBS Medicine Notes - System-wise

1. Cardiovascular System (CVS)

- STEMI: Chest pain + ST elevation in >=2 contiguous leads + increased Troponin

- NSTEMI: Chest pain + no ST elevation + increased Troponin

- Pericarditis: Chest pain relieved by leaning forward, diffuse ST elevation

- Aortic dissection: Tearing chest pain radiating to back + pulse deficit

- Infective endocarditis: Fever + murmur + Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Roth spots

- CHF (Heart Failure): Dyspnea, orthopnea, JVD, edema, S3 gallop

Chronic productive cough >3 months for 2 years, irreversible airflow limitation

2. Respiratory System (RS)

- Asthma: Episodic wheeze + dyspnea + reversible obstruction on spirometry

- COPD:

- Pneumonia: Fever, cough, crepitations, bronchial breath sounds, lobar opacity on CXR

- Tuberculosis: Chronic cough, night sweats, weight loss, upper lobe infiltrates

- Pulmonary embolism: Sudden dyspnea + pleuritic chest pain + hemoptysis + D-dimer increased

- Pleural effusion: Decreased breath sounds + dull percussion + blunted costophrenic angle on CXR

3.Central Nervous System (CNS)

- Stroke: Sudden focal neurological deficit + CT/MRI to localize

- Meningitis: Fever + neck stiffness + photophobia + altered sensorium + CSF findings

- Encephalitis: Fever + altered consciousness + seizures + personality change

- Parkinson's disease: Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

- Multiple sclerosis: Relapsing-remitting neurological symptoms, optic neuritis

4. Gastrointestinal System (GIT)

Concise MBBS Medicine Notes - System-wise

- Peptic ulcer disease: Epigastric pain relieved or worsened by food, H. pylori

-GERD: Heartburn, regurgitation, worse on lying down

- Acute pancreatitis: Epigastric pai-IBD (UC/Crohn's): Chronic diarrhea + weight loss + abdominal pain + rectal bleeding (UC)

5. Renal System

- Acute kidney injury (AKI): increased Creatinine + decreased Urine output + pre/renal/post causes

- Chronic kidney disease (CKD): Anemia + hyperkalemia + osteodystrophy + small kidneys on USG - Nephrotic syndrome: Proteinuria >3.5g/day + edema + hypoalbuminemia + hyperlipidemia - Nephritic syndrome: Hematuria + hypertension + mild proteinuria + RBC casts

6. Endocrine System

- Diabetes mellitus: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia + fasting glucose >=126 mg/dL

-DKA: Nausea, vomiting, Kussmaul breathing + ketones + high anion gap acidosis

- Hypothyroidism: Fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, bradycardia

- Hyperthyroidism: Weight loss, heat intolerance, tremors, tachycardia, exophthalmos (Graves")

- Addison's disease: Hyperpigmentation + hypotension + hyponatremia + hyperkalemia

7. Musculoskeletal System (MSK)

- Osteoarthritis: Joint pain worse with use, Heberden's/Bouchard's nodes

-Rheumatoid arthritis: Symmetrical joint pain, morning stiffness >1 hour, positive RF/anti-CCP

- SLE: Malar rash, photosensitivity, arthritis, renal and CNS involvement, ANA positive

- Gout: Acute monoarthritis (MTP joint), tophi, uric acid increased, needle-shaped crystals

8. Hematology

Concise MBBS Medicine Notes - System-wise

- Iron deficiency anemia: Microcytic hypochromic anemia + pica + low ferritin

- Megaloblastic anemia: Macrocytic anemia + hypersegmented neutrophils + B12/folate deficiency

- Hemolytic anemia: Jaundice + increased LDH + decreased haptoglobin + reticulocytosis

- Leukemia: Anemia + infections + bleeding + blasts on peripheral smear

- Lymphoma: Painless lymphadenopathy + B symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss)

9. Infectious Diseases

- Malaria: Fever with chills, anemia, splenomegaly + peripheral smear for diagnosis

- Typhoid: Step-ladder fever, relative bradycardia, rose spots, abdominal symptoms - Dengue: High fever, retro-orbital pain, thrombocytopenia, positive tourniquet test

- HIV/AIDS: Chronic diarrhea + weight loss + opportunistic infections + ELISA/Western blot

- COVID-19: Fever, cough, dyspnea, anosmia, positive RT-PCR